Similarities and differences between the hottest m

Manufacturing: the similarities and differences between made in China 2025 and Germany and the United States

a careful analysis of German industry 4.0 and made in China 2025 can be said that, from the general direction, it is coincident and similar. The same thing between the two is to realize the combination of information technology and advanced manufacturing, or the combination of interconnection and advanced manufacturing to drive the whole new round of manufacturing development. The difference is that China has a large gap in R & D investment, technical level, product quality and brand image, and its development foundation is relatively weak. Facing the future, we should see that the manufacturing industries of China and Germany are highly complementary, and the cooperation space and development potential between the two sides are huge

as an action guide to lead the construction of a manufacturing power in China in the next 10 years and a programmatic document to realize the dream of a manufacturing power in the next 30 years, the release and implementation of "made in China 2025" has comprehensively opened the way for made in China to change from big to strong. In this regard, the management said that the manufacturing industry was, is and will continue to be the pillar and foundation to ensure a strong economy in China, so the determination to develop the manufacturing industry cannot be shaken at all

however, recently, a voice floated with made in China 2025. Recently, I often see such titles in my network and circle of friends. Germany has industry 4.0, China has just begun to make in China 2025, the United States has entered the era of industrial interconnection, and China is still talking about made in China, etc. These remarks, without saying right or wrong, feel it necessary to clarify some basic concepts for everyone

German industry 4.0

let's first look at what German industry 4.0 is. Industry 4.0 is regarded as the fourth industrial revolution in Germany. It is a strategy in the "high technology Strategy 2020" released by the German government in November 2011, which aims to support the R & D and innovation of a new generation of revolutionary technologies in the industrial field and maintain Germany's international competitiveness. In April, 2013, the German machinery and Manufacturers Association, the German Association for information technology, communication and new media, and the German Association of electronic and electrical manufacturers jointly established the industry 4.0 platform and submitted the final report of the platform working group to the German government - "ensuring the future of the industry made in Germany with moisture absorption and dissipation properties close to cotton materials at the same time" - suggestions on the implementation of the industry 4.0 strategy ". The report proposed that Germany's transformation to industry 4.0 requires a dual strategy, that is, Germany should become a major supplier of intelligent manufacturing technology and a leading market for CPS (information physical system) technology and products

the essence of German industry 4.0 is to realize intelligent factory based on information physical system. According to the assumption, industry 4.0 is connected with production equipment, that is, the integration of production. The core of industry 4.0 strategy is to realize the real-time connection, mutual recognition and effective communication between people, equipment and products through CPS network, so as to build a highly flexible personalized and digital intelligent manufacturing mode. In this mode, production has changed from centralized to decentralized additive manufacturing, and scale effect is no longer the key factor of industrial production; Products have changed from convergence to individuality. In the future, products will be produced completely according to personal wishes. In extreme cases, they will become automated and personalized one-piece manufacturing; Users have changed from partial participation to full participation. Users not only appear at both ends of the production process, but also participate in the whole process of production and value creation widely and in real time

American industrial interconnection

in the United States, the concept of German industry 4.0 is more replaced by the concept of industrial interconnection. Although the names are different, the basic idea of these two concepts is the same, that is, connecting virtual networks with entities to form a more efficient production system. In terms of policy, the U.S. government raised the development of advanced manufacturing as a national strategy after the financial crisis, hoping to reshape the manufacturing industry with a new and revolutionary mode of production. From the industry level, the establishment of the industrial interconnection Alliance announced the horn of the enterprise community to enter the industrial 4.0 era

in recent years, the United States has been using government strategies to promote innovation. In order to cope with the new technological industrial revolution and compete for the right to speak in international industrial competition, the United States has made revitalizing the manufacturing industry its top strategic goal in recent years. After the financial crisis, the U.S. government issued a series of bills to focus on the construction of manufacturing innovation research centers, hoping to transform the traditional manufacturing industry with high-tech, and promote the U.S. economy to embark on the road of sustainable growth again. For example, in March 2012, Obama first proposed to build a national manufacturing innovation network; In January, 2013, the Executive Office of the president of the United States, the National Commission for science and technology and the national project office for high-end manufacturing jointly released the preliminary design of the national manufacturing innovation network, which aims to invest US $1billion to establish the American manufacturing innovation network, focus on promoting the innovative development of advanced manufacturing industries such as digital manufacturing, new energy and new material applications, and create a number of innovation clusters with advanced manufacturing capabilities

according to the global advanced manufacturing trends report released by the Wilson Center, an American think tank, the U.S. R & D investment ranks first in the world, three quarters of which are invested in manufacturing, and has obvious advantages in advanced manufacturing fields such as synthetic biology, advanced materials and rapid prototyping manufacturing. Analysts believe that with the strong promotion of the government and the private sector, the United States is likely to see a new round of technological innovation marked by the full coverage of wireless network technology, the extensive use of cloud computing and the large-scale development of intelligent manufacturing

made in China 2025

looking back at made in China 2025, it is not difficult to find that it is actually a Chinese version of the industrial 4.0 plan. Its strategic goal is based on China's national conditions and reality, and strive to achieve the strategic goal of manufacturing power through three steps

step 1: strive to become a manufacturing power in ten years. By 2020, industrialization will be basically realized, the status of manufacturing as a major country will be further consolidated, and the informatization level of manufacturing industry will be greatly improved. Step 2: by 2035, China's manufacturing industry as a whole will reach the medium level of the world's manufacturing power camp. The innovation ability has been greatly improved, major breakthroughs have been made in the development of key areas, the overall competitiveness has been significantly enhanced, and advantageous industries have formed a global innovation leading ability to achieve industrialization in an all-round way. Step 3: when the people's Republic of China was founded a hundred years ago, its position as a major manufacturing country was further consolidated, and its comprehensive strength entered the forefront of the world's manufacturing powers. The main fields of manufacturing industry have the ability to lead innovation and obvious competitive advantages, and a global leading technology system and industrial system have been established

the task of made in China 2025 is to achieve the strategic goal of becoming a manufacturing power. The key points are: (1) improve the innovation ability of national manufacturing industry. (2) Promote the deep integration of informatization and industrialization. (3) Strengthen basic industrial capacity. (4) Strengthen the construction of quality brands, form famous brand products with independent intellectual property rights, and constantly improve the brand value of enterprises and the overall image of made in China. (5) We will comprehensively promote green manufacturing and accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. (6) We will vigorously promote breakthroughs in key areas such as new generation information technology, high-end equipment, new materials, and biomedicine. (7) We will further promote the structural adjustment of the manufacturing industry, promote traditional industries to move towards the middle and high end, and further optimize the layout of the manufacturing industry. (8) We will actively develop service-oriented manufacturing and producer services. (9) Improve the international development level of manufacturing industry, promote the international layout of key industries, and guide enterprises to improve their international competitiveness

similarities and differences between made in China 2025 and Germany and the United States

in fact, as early as the release of made in China 2025, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of industry and information technology of China, said in his interpretation that made in China 2025 and German industry 4.0 are actually similar

Miao Wei said that through careful analysis of German industry 4.0 and made in China 2025, it can be said that in the general direction, it is coincident and similar. The same thing between the two is to realize the combination of information technology and advanced manufacturing, or the combination of interconnection and advanced manufacturing to drive the whole new round of manufacturing development

for example, German industry 4.0 focuses on high-end equipment, proposes to build information physics systems, and actively layout intelligent factories to promote intelligent production; Made in China 2025 proposes to promote the deep integration of informatization and industrialization as the main line, vigorously develop intelligent manufacturing, and build an industrial ecosystem and new manufacturing mode under the condition of informatization

the difference is that the new strategies of China and Germany have their own characteristics in terms of development foundation, industrial stage and strategic tasks. Germany is a world manufacturing power and a leading exporter of manufactured goods. Its R & D investment intensity in manufacturing industry even exceeds that of the United States and Japan. It has the world's leading technical level in automobile, machinery, motor and other aspects. In China, there is a big gap in R & D investment, technical level, product quality and brand image, and the development foundation is relatively weak

in addition, German industry 4.0 is a measure aimed at a new round of scientific and technological revolution, mainly focusing on high-end industries and high-end links of manufacturing. Made in China 2025 is not a plan specially formulated to cope with a new round of scientific and technological revolution, but an overall plan for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. You should clearly inform customers that such samples can only be held by winding method, but the sample elongation error is large)

Miao Wei said that facing the future, we should see that the manufacturing industry between China and Germany has strong complementarity. For example, in the fields of experimental manufacturing such as high-end equipment rate, energy conservation and environmental protection, new energy, new energy vehicles and the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, there is a huge space for cooperation and development potential between the two sides

as for the era of industrial interconnection in the United States, more insiders say that industrial interconnection can be said to be the American version of industry 4.0. Of course, different from the hard manufacturing emphasized by Germany, the United States, which has a developed software and Internet economy, focuses more on promoting a new round of industrial revolution in soft services. They hope to activate traditional industries with Internet and maintain the long-term competitiveness of its manufacturing industry. The industrial interconnection of the United States is also consistent with the "made in China 2025" in the general direction, which is to realize the combination of information technology and advanced manufacturing, and drive the whole new round of manufacturing development through the combination of interconnection and advanced manufacturing. In this process, there will also be huge cooperation space with China's manufacturing industry, and there is no problem of who is stronger than who and who is higher than who